Current perspectives on the role of TRAMP in nuclear RNA surveillance and quality control

The TRAMP complex assists the nuclear exosome to degrade a broad range of ribonucleic acid (RNA) substrates by increasing both exoribonucleolytic activity and substrate specificity. However, how the interactions between the TRAMP subunits and the components of the nuclear exosome regulate their functions in RNA degradation and substrate specificity remain unclear. This review aims to provide a summary of the recent findings on the role of the TRAMP complex in nuclear RNA degradation. The new insights from recent structural biological studies are discussed.published_or_final_versio

Coupling and Coordination in Gene Expression Processes with Pre-mRNA Splicing

A processing is a tightly regulated and highly complex pathway which includes transcription, splicing, editing, transportation, translation and degradation. It has been well-documented that splicing of RNA polymerase II medicated nascent transcripts occurs co-transcriptionally and is functionally coupled to other RNA processing. Recently, increasing experimental evidence indicated that pre-mRNA splicing influences RNA degradation and vice versa. In this review, we summarized the recent findings demonstrating the coupling of these two processes. In addition, we highlighted the importance of splicing in the production of intronic miRNA and circular RNAs, and hence the discovery of the novel mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression.published_or_final_versio

The comparison of immunomodulatory effects of peripheral mononuclear cells against proliferation in U937 in junior elderly habitual morning swimming in Taiwan cohort

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of greater immunomodulatory effects of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against proliferation in human leukemia cells. To achieve this, cells U937 in junior elderly (with cool environmental physical activities) subjects with habitual morning swimming and sedentary lifestyle were recruited in relatively cool season in Taiwan; the isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to obtain the conditioned medium which contains various cytokines. However, the differential effects of the conditioned medium on growth inhibition in U937 leukemia cells were observed. The cytokines, including interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factors-alpha and interleukine-2 secreted into conditioned medium were higher in the morning-swimming subjects than in the sedentary-lifestyle ones. Similarly, serum white blood cell, creatine phosphokinase, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A in the morning-swimming and sedentary-lifestyle groups indicated that no further inflammatory status existed in the morning-swimming group. In summary, greater immunomodulatory effects of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against proliferation in human leukemia cells U937 in junior elderly subjects came from the effects of regular moderate exercise in cool temperature rather than of inflammatory effects.Keywords: Immunomodulatory, junior elderly, morning swimming, leukemia, U937, human peripheral blood mononuclear cell

Regional variations in the ocean response to tropical cyclones: Ocean mixing versus low cloud suppression

Tropical cyclones (TCs) tend to cool sea surface temperature (SST) via enhanced vertical mixing and evaporative fluxes. This cooling is substantially reduced in the subtropics, especially in the northeastern Pacific where the occurrence of TCs can warm the ocean surface. Here we investigate the cause of this anomalous warming by analyzing the local oceanic features and TC-induced anomalies of SST, surface fluxes, and cloud fraction using satellite and in situ data. We find that TCs tend to suppress low clouds at the margins of the tropical ocean warm pool, enhancing shortwave radiative surface fluxes within the first week following storm passage, which, combined with spatial variations in ocean thermal structure, can produce a ~1°C near-surface warming in the northeastern Pacific. These findings, supported by high-resolution Earth system model simulations, point to potential connections between TCs, ocean temperature, and low cloud distributions that can influence tropical surface heat budgets

Herpes zoster and its neurological complications

Ninety-three Chinese patients with cutaneous herpes zoster were seen during a 4-year period. Thoracic zoster occurred most commonly, followed by ophthalmic, cervical and lumbosacral zoster. Neurological complications were present in eleven patients (11.8%), the commonest being Ramsay-Hunt syndrome and segmental limb paresis. The clinical picture, pathogenesis, treatment and outcome of segmental limb paresis, myelitis and delayed contralateral hemiparesis following zoster ophthalmicus are discussed. Nine immunocompromised patients received intravenous adenine arabinoside (vidarabine) or acycloguanosine (acyclovir), and no cutaneous or visceral spread occurred in these patients.published_or_final_versio

Metalloporphyrin-incorporated diphosphine ligands for metal ion-binding

Poster: no. P48Diphosphine ligands have been widely used in organometallic chemistry and catalysis.1 By incorporation of functional units such as metallomacrocycles, the resulting functionalized diphosphines could exhibit unusual properties or binding behavior. In this study, we prepared several examples of ruthenium porphyrin phosphine complexes [RuII(Por)(dppm)2] (1; Por = TTP, 4-MeO-TPP, F20-TPP; dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) by a similar method to that previously reported for their congeners.2 Reaction of complexes 1 with a number of metal …published_or_final_versio

Elevation of marcophage migration inhibitory factor level acute myocardial infarction but not in acute myocardial ischaemia

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Selection of tuning parameters in bridge regression models via Bayesian information criterion

We consider the bridge linear regression modeling, which can produce a sparse or non-sparse model. A crucial point in the model building process is the selection of adjusted parameters including a regularization parameter and a tuning parameter in bridge regression models. The choice of the adjusted parameters can be viewed as a model selection and evaluation problem. We propose a model selection criterion for evaluating bridge regression models in terms of Bayesian approach. This selection criterion enables us to select the adjusted parameters objectively. We investigate the effectiveness of our proposed modeling strategy through some numerical examples.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Unusual Formation of Point-Defect Complexes in the Ultrawide-Band-Gap Semiconductor β-Ga2 O3

Understanding the unique properties of ultra-wide band gap semiconductors requires detailed information about the exact nature of point defects and their role in determining the properties. Here, we report the first direct microscopic observation of an unusual formation of point defect complexes within the atomic-scale structure of β-Ga2O3 using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Each complex involves one cation interstitial atom paired with two cation vacancies. These divacancy-interstitial complexes correlate directly with structures obtained by density functional theory, which predicts them to be compensating acceptors in β-Ga2O3. This prediction is confirmed by a comparison between STEM data and deep level optical spectroscopy results, which reveals that these complexes correspond to a deep trap within the band gap, and that the development of the complexes is facilitated by Sn doping through increased vacancy concentration. These findings provide new insight on this emerging material's unique response to the incorporation of impurities that can critically influence their properties

Water Oxidation Catalysed by Iron Complex of N,N′-dimethyl-2,11-diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane. Spectroscopy of Iron–oxo Intermediates and Density Functional Theory Calculations

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